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Could your future flight be fueled by cheese?

Our cooperative in northwestern Wisconsin sees the potential.

By Matt Winsand

September 6, 2024 at 6:30AM
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Here’s a riddle for you:

What do you get when you combine cheese, busy airports and an environmentally committed farmer-owned cooperative?

The result is not a tasty in-flight dairy snack. We believe the answer you’ll find at the confluence of these three seemingly unconnected things is sustainable aviation fuel.

In early August, United Airlines became the first major airline to establish a sustainable, bio-based fuel depot at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport. You might be surprised to know that more than 400 miles away at our homebase of Grantsburg, Wis. — where our village-owned airport consists of one paved and one turf runway — sustainable aviation fuels are also top of mind. The spotlight will be on the Twin Cities from Sept. 11-13 as St. Paul hosts the North American Sustainable Aviation Fuels Conference.

Our cooperative believes sustainability means evolving our dairy and cheese production businesses — which supply customers in Wisconsin, Minnesota and nationwide — to be here long-term for the farmers and consumers who count on us and, at the same time, make sure we’re protecting the environment for our members, employees and neighbors today and tomorrow. We’re already demonstrating that commitment. We recently used a Dairy Business Innovation Alliance/USDA grant for wastewater treatment innovation research to identify a natural adhesive product made from cheese processing waste. We’re currently exploring next steps for commercialization.

Now we’re ready to explore our role in sustainable aviation fuels. Like many bold steps, we know this one requires innovation and partnerships. That’s why our co-op’s farmer board has endorsed formal exploration with Community BioRefinery (CBR) whose mission is to construct and operate sustainable biorefineries in local communities throughout the United States. Together we’ll consider how construction of a true biorefinery at our rural location could benefit our cooperative members and our entire Wisconsin/Minnesota region while helping to meet the growing demand for sustainable aviation fuel. The federal government’s Sustainable Aviation Fuels Grand Challenge sets a production goal of 3 billion gallons annually by 2030 and 35 billion gallons per year by 2050.

What do we mean by “true biorefinery?”

Simply put, think microbrewery and low-impact. The patented approach we’re considering is very much like that of beermaking and is a continuous process totally contained within buildings. The process centers on fermentation, rather than cooking or steeping as with ethanol. It’s a small, downscaled process suitable for local use close to feedstocks — in our case byproducts from cheese processing and other plant-based materials.

The nonvolatile biorefining process results in the creation of advanced biofuels like sustainable aviation fuel, along with value-added food and ingredients — bioplastics, nutraceuticals and other products that can be made in the same biorefinery. The end game is we’d not only be creating important products, but we would also do it without smoke, steam, heat, chemicals, emissions or waste. In addition, every bit of what goes in at the front end of biorefining exits as something useful — including water which is purified for re-use.

We’re optimistic that this exploration will lead to construction of a biorefinery to benefit our cooperative members and our region and help meet the growing demand for sustainable aviation fuel and other products. We also see potential to serve Grantsburg and other area government operations, schools and other institutions with local access to homegrown biofuels to support their own sustainability efforts.

We know the road from exploration to production reality may be a long one, but we’re convinced the journey to a sustainable future is worth taking.

And who knows, maybe your future flight will be fueled by cheese!

Matt Winsand is chief executive of Burnett Dairy Cooperative, Grantsburg, Wis. In addition to its cheese manufacturing and agricultural supply businesses, the co-op supplies cheese and cheese ingredients to customers nationwide and operates consumer cheese stores in Grantsburg and Cady, Wis., and Duluth, Minn.

Hemp-BioRefineries

Hemp-BioRefineries – Frequently Asked Questions

A: Both use the same approach to break down and recover plant materials.  CBR will apply this process to many different types of feedstocks and biomass; HBR, at first, will exclusively focus on hemp/cannabis as its source material.  HBR (which is essentially a specialized CBR) will operate separately from the traditional CBR because not all states have legalized hemp/cannabis; or, states that have legalized it have done so at differing levels (i.e., medical applications only, for recreational use, or both).  Further, legalizing states have not standardized their rules and regulations governing the cultivation, processing, transportation, licensing, and waste handling.  Due to these realities, CBR designed the HBR to operate apart from CBR until the challenges mentioned have 'normalized.'

Articles

August 10, 2020

LEXINGTON, Ky. — Dual-purpose industrial hemp cultivars show the best potential for coproduction of biofuel and bioproducts, according to University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment study.

In the study led by Jian Shi, UK assistant professor in the Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, the dual-purpose cultivars that had the best biofuel potential, which uses the stalk, also produced grain.

In a previous study, Shi’s team showed that hemp has biofuel-producing potential comparable to other bioenergy crops like kenaf, switchgrass and sorghum. Those results were published in Bioresource Technology Journal.

“The biofuels market fluctuates, much like the hemp market, so it is very important for the crop to have coproducts to help offset potential losses when the market trends downward,” Shi said. “Hemp has more potential for coproducts than other current biofuel feedstocks.”

In his most recent study, Shi’s team evaluated 11 hemp cultivars from all over the world. They planted cultivars at UK’s Spindletop Farm and at Robinson Center for Appalachian Resource Sustainability under the leadership of the late David Williams. The cultivars included six that produced fiber only and five that produced fiber and grain. The study explored each cultivar’s ability to produce biofuels, how each performed with a laboratory pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, which is designed to enhance biofuel yields, and projected economic returns.

All dual-purpose cultivars had higher economic returns than the fiber-only cultivars. The top performing cultivars were Bialobrzeskie from Poland and NWG 331 from Colorado. Bialobrzeskie had estimated returns from the sale of the grain and projected biofuel production of $1,564 per hectare, and NWG 331 had estimated returns of $1,482 per hectare. NWG 331 had the highest biomass yield and the second highest grain yield of all cultivars. Bialobrzeskie had the highest grain yield.

“These combined evaluations show that industrial hemp has significant potential to become a promising regional commodity crop for producing both biofuels and value-added products,” Shi said. “Further research is needed into the crop’s agronomic practices, post-harvest processing, biofuel conversion and other potential hemp coproducts.”

As part of the project, Shi partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory. The laboratory is home to a DOE-funded Biomass Feedstock National User Facility and feedstock supply and logistics research and development center. Researchers at UK and INL plan to assemble a sample collection and characterization of the hemp biomass cultivars in the future. This collection would add to the existing collection of more than 7,500 biomass samples as a resource available to other academic researchers and industry professionals across the United States.

Shi’s study was published in the American Chemical Society’s Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering journal. It is available online at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06145.